Stylistically, these settings are similar to both motets and secular music of the time, with a three-voice texture dominated by the highest part. Two manuscripts from the 14th century, the Ivrea Codex and the Apt Codex, are the primary sources for polyphonic settings of the Ordinary. The non-changing part of the mass, the Ordinary, then would have music which was available for performance all the time. The reason for this surge in interest is not known, but it has been suggested that there was a shortage of new music since composers were increasingly attracted to secular music, and overall interest in writing sacred music had entered a period of decline. In the early 14th century, composers began writing polyphonic versions of the sections of the Ordinary. The different portions of the Ordinary came into the liturgy at different times, with the Kyrie probably being first (perhaps as early as the 7th century) and the Credo being last (it did not become part of the Roman mass until 1014). The earliest musical settings of the mass are Gregorian chant. Many masses, especially later ones, were never intended to be performed during the celebration of an actual mass. Masses can be a cappella, that is, without an independent accompaniment, or they can be accompanied by instrumental obbligatos up to and including a full orchestra. For example, there have been many Masses written in English for a United States context since the Second Vatican Council, and others (often called "communion services") for the Church of England. Most Masses are settings of the liturgy in Latin, the sacred language of the Catholic Church's Roman Rite, but there are a significant number written in the languages of non-Catholic countries where vernacular worship has long been the norm. The Mass ( Latin: missa) is a form of sacred musical composition that sets the invariable portions of the Christian Eucharistic liturgy (principally that of the Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, and Lutheranism), known as the Mass. Form of sacred musical composition Missa Virgo parens Christi by Jacobus Barbireau
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